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ALCIDAE - Auks1 (11:25)
AETHIINAE
CERORHINCA Bonaparte, 1828 F - Cerorhinca occidentalis Bonaparte, 1828; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Alca monocerata Pallas, 1811  
Cerorhinca monocerata   (Pallas, 1811) Rhinoceros Auklet
vIslands off NW Korea; N Japan, Sakhalin, S Kuril Is.; W Aleutian Is. (Buldir); coastal S Alaska to S California >> adjacent seas
FRATERCULA Brisson, 1760 F - Fratercula Brisson; type by tautonymy = Alca arctica Linnaeus, 1758  
Fratercula cirrhata 2  (Pallas, 1769) Tufted Puffin
vSea of Okhotsk and Hokkaido to Chukotska, Bering Sea Is., Aleutian Is., W and S Alaska to S California >> N Pacific Ocean
Fratercula arctica 3,4  (Linnaeus, 1758) Atlantic Puffin
vE North America, Greenland, Iceland and NW Europe >> N Atlantic Ocean and W Mediterranean Sea
Fratercula corniculata   (J.F. Naumann, 1821) Horned Puffin
vSakhalin and Kuril Is. to Chukotska, Bering Sea Is., Aleutian Is., W and S Alaska >> N Pacific Ocean
PTYCHORAMPHUS von Brandt, 1837 M - Uria aleutica Pallas, 1811; type by monotypy  
Ptychoramphus aleuticus Cassin's Auklet
aleuticus (Pallas, 1811) vAleutian Is. and S Alaska to NW Baja California (Guadalupe, Isla San Martín, Isla San Jerónimo)
australis van Rossem, 19395 vIslands off W Baja California (Islas Benito to Isla San Roque and Isla Asunción) [van Rossem, 1939 #3932]
AETHIA Merrem, 1788 F - Alca cristatella Pallas, 1769; type by monotypy  
Aethia psittacula 6  (Pallas, 1769) Parakeet Auklet
iCoasts and islands of Bering Sea south to Sea of Okhotsk and Kodiak I. >> N Pacific Ocean
Aethia pusilla   (Pallas, 1811) Least Auklet
vCoasts and islands of Bering Sea south to Sea of Okhotsk, Aleutian Is., Shumagin Is. and Semidi Is. >> N Pacific Ocean
Aethia pygmaea   (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) Whiskered Auklet
vN Sea of Okhotsk, C Kuril Is., Commander Is. and Aleutian Is. >> adjacent seas
Aethia cristatella   (Pallas, 1769) Crested Auklet
vSE Chukchi Pen. and Bering Sea Is. south to C Kuril Is. and Shumagin Is. >> N Pacific Ocean
ALCINAE
BRACHYRAMPHUS von Brandt, 1837 M - Colymbus marmoratus J.F. Gmelin, 1789; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 77).  7
Brachyramphus perdix 8  (Pallas, 1811) Long-billed Murrelet
iShores of Sea of Okhotsk and Kamchatka to Hokkaido (N Japan) >> adjacent seas
Brachyramphus marmoratus   (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) Marbled Murrelet
vAleutian Is. and S Alaska to C California >> adjacent seas
Brachyramphus brevirostris   (Vigors, 1829) Kittlitz's Murrelet
vN Sea of Okhotsk, E Kamchatka, Chukchi Pen., Aleutian Is., W and S Alaska >> adjacent seas
CEPPHUS Pallas, 1769 M - Cepphus lacteolus Pallas, 1769; type by monotypy = Alca grylle Linnaeus, 1758  
Cepphus grylle9 Black Guillemot
mandtii (M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1822)10,11 iNE Canada, N Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, N Siberia and N Alaska >> adjacent oceans, in Pacific south to N Bering Sea
arcticus (C.L. Brehm, 1824)12 vSE Canada, NE USA (Maine), S Greenland, British Isles, Denmark, SW Sweden and Norway to White Sea >> adjacent oceans
islandicus Hørring, 193713 vIceland >> adjacent ocean [Hørring, 1937 #2027]
faeroeensis C.L. Brehm, 183114 vFaroe Is. >> adjacent ocean [Brehm, 1831 #475]
grylle (Linnaeus, 1758) iBaltic Sea
Cepphus columba15 Pigeon Guillemot
1 snowi Stejneger, 1897 iN and C Kuril Is. (Paramushir to Iturup)
2 kaiurka Portenko, 1937 iCommander Is., W Aleutian Is. (east to Adak) [Portenko, 1937 #3103]
2 columba Pallas, 1811 iKamchatka to Chukotka, Bering Sea Is., E Aleutian Is. (west to Atka), W and S Alaska and W USA
2 adiantus R.W. Storer, 1950 vC Aleutian Is. (Alaska) to coastal Washington [Storer, 1950 #3745]
2 eureka R.W. Storer, 1950 Oregon and California [Storer, 1950 #3745]
Cepphus carbo   Pallas, 1811 Spectacled Guillemot
iRussian Far East north to Sea of Okhotsk and S Kuril Is., coasts of N and C Japan
SYNTHLIBORAMPHUS von Brandt, 1837 M - Alca antiqua J.F. Gmelin, 1789; type by subsequent designation (G.R. Gray, 1840, A List of the Genera of Birds, p. 77).  16
Synthliboramphus antiquus17 Ancient Murrelet
antiquus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) vYellow Sea and Sea of Japan to Kamchatka, Aleutian Is., S Alaska and Queen Charlotte Is. >> adjacent oceans south to NE China and N California
microrhynchos Stepanyan, 1972 iCommander Is. >> adjacent seas [Stepanyan, 1972 #3713]
Synthliboramphus wumizusume   (Temminck, 1836) Japanese Murreletα
iIslands off Korea, Japan (Kyushu, Izu Is.) >> adjacent seas
Synthliboramphus scrippsi 18  (J.E. Green & L.W. Arnold, 1939) Scripps's Murrelet
Islands off S California (Channel Is.) and W Baja California (Islas Los Coronados, Islas Benito) >> coastal C California to Baja California [Green, 1939 #1802]
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus 19  (Xántus de Vesey, 1860) Guadalupe Murrelet
vIslands off W Baja California (Guadalupe I., Islas Benito) >> coastal California to Baja California
Synthliboramphus craveri 20  (Salvadori, 1865) Craveri's Murrelet
iIslands in Golfo de California >> coastal S California to Sonora
ALCA Linnaeus, 1758 F - Alca torda Linnaeus, 1758; type by Linnaean tautonymy  
Alca torda Razorbill
torda Linnaeus, 175821 iE Canada and Greenland to Fenno-Scandia and Baltic >> adjacent oceans south to NE USA (to New Jersey)
islandica C.L. Brehm, 183122 vIceland, Faroe Is., British Isles to Heligoland and NW France [Brehm, 1831 #475] >> NE Atlantic Ocean
PINGUINUS Bonnaterre, 1791 M - Alca impennis Linnaeus, 1758; type by subsequent designation (Ogilvie-Grant, 1898, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 26, p. 562).  23
Pinguinus impennis   (Linnaeus, 1758) Great Auk
vN Atlantic islands >> offshore waters to south
ALLE Link, 1806 F - Alle nigricans Link, 1806; type by monotypy and tautonymy = Alca alle Linnaeus, 1758  24
Alle alle Little Auk/Dovekie
alle (Linnaeus, 1758) i(a) E Baffin I., Greenland, Iceland, Jan Mayen I., Svalbard, Bear I., Novaya Zemlya Is. >> N Atlantic Ocean; (b) Bering Sea
polaris Stenhouse, 1930 vFranz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlaya Is. (?) >> Barents Sea
URIA Brisson, 1760 F - Uria Brisson; type by tautonymy = Colymbus aalge Pontoppidan, 1763  
Uria lomvia25 Brunnich's Guillemot/Thick-billed Murre
lomvia (Linnaeus, 1758)26 iNE Canada east to Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya Is. and Severnaya Zemlaya Is. >> ocean off NE USA (to New York)
eleonorae Portenko, 193727 iE Taymyr Pen. to New Siberia Is. and De Long I. >> N Pacific Ocean [Portenko, 1937 #3103]
heckeri Portenko, 1944 iWrangel I., Herald I., N Chukchi Pen. [Portenko, 1944 #3106] >> N Pacific Ocean
arra (Pallas, 1811) iN Pacific (Sakhalin and Kuril Is. to S and E Chukotka, Aleutian Is. and W and S Alaska) >> south to ocean off S Japan and N British Columbia
Uria aalge Common Guillemot/Common Murre
aalge (Pontoppidan, 1763)28 iE Canada, SW Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Is., Scotland, C and S Norway and Baltic Sea >> N Atlantic Ocean
hyperborea Salomonsen, 1932 vJan Mayen I., N Norway, Svalbard, Bear I., N Kola Pen. and Novaya Zemlya Is. >> Scandinavian waters
albionis Witherby, 192329 iIreland and British Isles to Heligoland and W Portugal
inornata Salomonsen, 1932 vJapan and Bering Sea to W and S Alaska and SW Canada (British Columbia) >> adjacent oceans
californica (H. Bryant, 1861) vW USA (Washington to C California) >> adjacent oceans
1 Classification follows Pereira & Baker (2008) [Pereira, 2008 #10827], which is also largely consistent with Thomas et al. (2004) [Thomas, 2004 #3829].
2 Formerly placed in monotypic genus Lunda, but see Friesen et al. (1996) [Friesen, 1996 #1612] and Pereira & Baker (2008) [Pereira, 2008 #10827].
3 Includes naumanni and grabae; see Sangster et al. (2005) [Sangster, 2005 #10055].
4 Forms a superspecies with F. corniculata; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
5 Perhaps undiagnosable; see Ainley et al. (2011) [Ainley, 2011 #14106].
6 Formerly placed in monotypic genus Cyclorrhynchus, but see Strauch (1985) [Strauch, 1985 #14099], Moum et al. (1994) [Moum, 1994 #14107], and Friesen et al. (1996) [Friesen, 1996 #1612].
7 Often incorrectly cited as M. Brandt, but his papers in French published in Russia used M meaning Monsieur; his initials were J.F.
8 For treatment as a separate species from B. marmoratus, see Friesen et al. (1996) [Friesen, 1996 #13780] and Pereira & Baker (2008) [Pereira, 2008 #10827].
9 Forms a superspecies with C. columba and possibly also C. carbo; see Mayr & Short (1970) [Mayr, 1970 #2566].
10 Includes ultimus Salomonsen, 1944 [Salomonsen, 1944 #3447], and tajani Portenko, 1944 [Portenko, 1944 #3106]; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #3967].
11 For change of authorship from Mandt to Lichtenstein see Mlíkovsky (2010) [Mlíkovsky, 2010 #12367].
12 For recognition see Cramp et al. (1985) [Cramp, 1985 #1086]. Includes atlantis Salomonsen, 1944 [Salomonsen, 1944 #3447]; see Storer (1952) [Storer, 1952 #14098].
13 For recognition see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #3967].
14 For recognition see Cramp et al. (1985) [Cramp, 1985 #1086].
15 Subspecies groups follow Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
16 Includes Endomychura; see Strauch (1985) [Strauch, 1985 #14099].
17 Forms a superspecies with S. wumizusume; see Sibley & Monroe (1990) [Sibley, 1990 #3636].
18 For treatment as a separate species from S. hypoleucus, see Birt et al. (2012) [Birt, 2012 #14077].
19 Implicitly includes pontilis van Rossem, 1939 [van Rossem, 1939 #3932]; see Nettleship (1996) [Nettleship, 1996 #14100].
20 For treatment as a separate species from S. hypoleucus, see Jehl & Bond (1975) [Jehl, 1975 #14101].
21 Includes pica; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #3967].
22 For recognition, and for inclusion of britannica Ticehurst, 1936 [Ticehurst, 1936 #3835], see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #3967].
23 Sister genus is Alca; see Moum et al. (2002) [Moum, 2002 #13302] and Pereira & Baker (2008) [Pereira, 2008 #10827]. Strauch (1985) [Strauch, 1985 #14099] proposed merging the two genera.
24 For suppression of Plautus, used in Peters (1934) [Peters, 1934 #3007], see Opinion 999 (I.C.Z.N., 1973) [I.C.Z.N., 1973 #6625].
25 Subspecies classification follows Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #3967] and Cramp et al. (1985) [Cramp, 1985 #1086].
26 Includes arroides Portenko, 1937 [Portenko, 1937 #3103]; see Stepanyan (1990) [Stepanyan, 1990 #3721].
27 This and heckeri doubtfully diagnosable from arra; see Cramp et al. (1985) [Cramp, 1985 #1086].
28 Includes intermedia and spiloptera; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #3967].
29 Includes ibericus Bernis, 1949 [Bernis, 1949 #14111]; see Vaurie (1965) [Vaurie, 1965 #3967].
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